Romeo and Juliet Rough Draft(Why Romeo Is Most Infleuntial Towards Other Characters)

Romeo and Juliet In Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet made decisions that lead to them both dying, which they could have avoided. Romeo causes Mercutio’s death by trying to stop Tybalt and Mercutio from fighting. â€Å"I am hurt. A plague o’ both houses! I am sped. † Mercutio says this after Romeo intervenes and causes Tybalt to stab Mercutio. He curses them by plaguing both houses, causing bad luck. Mercutio then dramatically shouts his death by saying, â€Å"I am sped. † â€Å"Romeo attempts to beat down their rapiers. Tybalt stabs Mercutio. This quote describes Romeo attempting to stop Tybalt and Mercutio from fighting. Tybalt then in result of Romeo intervening, stabs Mercutio. These kinds of evidence clearly states how greatly influential Romeo is to the other characters and the outcome of the play. Romeo left before the messenger gets there, so he did not know about the plan, therefore causing his and Juliet’s death. â€Å"Thy drug s are quick. Thus with a kiss I die. † Romeo hears about Juliet’s death but not the plan. So to join her in her death, he drinks a poison potion and kills himself.He kisses Juliet before he dies thinking he died in peace with her. â€Å"This is thy sheath. There rust, and let me die. † After seeing Romeo lying there dead, Juliet first tries to lick up and poison remaining on Romeo’s lips. Since there is nothing left, she turns to a rusted sword to stab herself and join him. Now, Romeo causes Juliet’s real death by drinking that potion, thinking that he’s joined her. So, Romeo influenced Juliet and him to make bad decisions, partly based on insufficient knowledge.

Breakfast at Tiffanys Essay

The movie begins appropriately with the lead Holly Goligthly having breakfast outside of Tiffany’s in New York and already that sets the tone of the whole movie. She’s dressed in a black Givenchy dress and her hair resembles something of a pineapple. She is looking in to the store and we see her perfectly polished reflection in the well-polished windows. Appropriately I say, since the title says just that, Breakfast at Tiffany’s. Even though is seems unimportant, just a title, Tiffany’s plays a central role throughout the movie but not just as a location for several of the scenes. It represents everything Holly wants and doesn’t seem able to get or allow herself to want. Holly as a character is a very intriguing creature. Her quirkiness and seemingly free-spirit leaves me wanting to emulate her, doing my hair and make-up in the same way and act like she does. It’s not until the middle of the movie when I realize that under that perfect exterior lays a very broken and confused spirit. The ideas of the perfect and glamorous feel of Tiffany’s are nouns Holly tries to apply to herself. The presumed shallowness of the sales people and the expensive merchandise makes me understand that for her, money and the played identity of Holly Golightly, controls her life. It leaves me with a sense of longing to understand this complex personality and question was lies beneath the surface. It becomes clearer throughout the film that even though it seems very shallow there is a compassion and depth to Holly and so also to Tiffany’s. One of my favorite scenes that clearly represent this is when Holly and Paul Varjak spend a day doing things they have never done before and end up at Tiffany’s. Due to the censorship of the time, the movie was released in 1961, it is never outspoken, but definitely clear what lengths both Holly and Paul, will go for money. In this scene money is not the focus, and the ring from the Kracker Jacks becomes a representation of the humanity in not only Holly but Tiffany’s and even the city of New York. Every decision the director has made in this film is very carefully selected, and even though the details are very subtle at first glance, they all support the idea I believe the film is trying to portray. New York as the big, glamorous city where wealth and beauty seem like a commodity. The belief that anybody can pretend to be what they want, or in Holly’s case, hide what they are. Every detail becomes important. Holly dressing almost exclusively in black but when she thinks she has finally gotten what she want, knits a red dress. Her empty apartment that in that same moment gets decorated and the only reason we know it’s not real is because the cat still has no name. There are so many different layers to this film and I guess that is why it has become a classic. Every time you see it you discover new details or change your mind about the mysterious and ever changing Holly.

Week 7 d2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 7 d2 - Essay Example These ideas are highly useful in reducing the organization’s ownership costs. The management can also gain revenues based on additional opportunities associated with the network. Effective network management could as well increase work value, which in turn will assist in boosting revenues. Effectiveness of the organization’s network can be done by determining the productivity of the operator, the network management and its impact on revenues, the network reliability and availability, as well as its service (Hanemann, Liakopoulos, Molina, & Swany, 2014). In the course of measuring the metric of operator productivity, the number of devices that can be supported by operator ports. This is done by tracking down any troubles and how fast they are resolved. The network management impact on revenue is done by considering the number of customers lost within a specified time including the reasons for such losses (Hanemann, Liakopoulos, Molina, & Swany, 2014). There chat below shows the network management metric for assessing network management effectiveness within an organization. Aspects like network usability, requirements, and most relevant network operations are considered. All these aspects are explained in relation to factors like aggregation in time, aggregation in space, and concatenation in space (Hanemann, Liakopoulos, Molina, & Swany, 2014). Measurements need to be done with exactly the same packet type such as size and ToS among others. In the case of space aggregation, this aspect applies specifically to physical space aggregation. Local space aggregations are typically over packet properties. Hanemann, A., Liakopoulos, A., Molina, M., & Swany, D. M. (2014). A Study on Network Performance Metrics and their Composition. Retrieved from marco.uminho.pt:

A trip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A trip - Essay Example Since we had no special plans for the weekend, we halfheartedly decided to go with Oliver. To our surprise, with every passing second, we became more and more excited about the trip. And so, the night before the trip, we failed to contain our excitement and hardly fell asleep. It was a Sunday morning. The time was almost 5:30 a.m. when we heard a familiar honking of a car. It was Oliver. The sun has not fully come out yet, and the house was still dark. Our parents were asleep. Oliver had arranged for our breakfast, so we rushed out as soon as we heard the car horn. Once outside the house, we were greeted by the cool morning breeze. Sliding into the front seat next to Oliver, I grabbed the biggest burger and started munching instantly. In all the excitement, I forgot to pass over Sam’s share in the back seat. A questioning look on Oliver’s face made me realize what I had missed doing. Therefore, I passed Sam his burger; I felt embarrassed. After that, our journey began. As I watched the car drive through the same route, my heart sunk. It was the same route we took almost every weekend with our family. But when Oliver did not take the last turn, the excitement returned. I knew we were headed for â€Å"different†. After twenty five minut es’ drive, we stopped at a roadside densely lined with trees. It seemed like a jungle. When Oliver got out of the car, I realized it was the starting point of our trip. The plan was to meet our usual hiking trail but through the jungle. Taking only a few steps into the trees, we found ourselves standing amidst a dense forest. The sounds of birds, insects and animals echoed all around us. Thick vegetation grew everywhere. The shelter of leaves blocked the sun, so it was slightly darker. The air was damp and had a strange smell. Oliver was leading the way, and we were tracing his steps. Sam was in front of me. The way Oliver was making his way through the bushes and trees was admirable as I could hardly see any path. I

Drug Testing and Employee Drug Use Research Paper

Drug Testing and Employee Drug Use - Research Paper Example It is true that the use of drug is private and that only in some unusual situation can the employers inquire such use from their employees. However, the employers have the right to know of, use of drugs if their employees are involved in illegal drugs. Unlawful use of drugs is data that are not legally private and organizations have the right to identify about such use. This is true because use of illegal drugs can result to incompetence amongst employees. Also, such use of drugs can result to unnecessary accidents amongst employees, the staff, and customers. Further, the employee can compromise beneficial trade secrets of the company or gather individual data about staffs and customers to sell illegally (Frone, 2013). It is the duty/role of employers to provide safe working conditions by postulating drug free environment policies. On the other hand, use of drug is data that are legally private and employers have no right to inquire where about such use from their employees. This is factual in the situation of legal or prescribed drugs employees might be taking (Frone, 2013). For instance, employers are not allowed to inquire employee’s use of such drugs as, cigarettes/tobacco, caffeine, and prescribed medication, unless such use of these substances hinders with the employee’s safety or incompetence. A good example is when an employee is using prescribed drugs to stay competence at a level that allows him/her to perform his/her duty. This is what all employers are allowed to focus on. Employers are not entailed to obtain a list of employee’s prescribed drugs for pre-employment drug test. Healthcare providers responsible for collecting drug samples do not need to inquire for the list either. As a manager of a certain company, one should make sure that he/she has implemented drug policies and rules that should be adhered to by all staffs. Some of the policies should include, the company having a neutral third party medical depiction to analyze

Write summery about what these websites are about Annotated Bibliography

Write summery about what these websites are about - Annotated Bibliography Example and Northern Development Canada that was first called Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) is discriminating in fairly providing funds for children of aboriginal reserves. They also claim that the children are also being denied to welfare benefits of reserves. . It is not only about the indigenous children who are suffering at the hands of government but there are other issues like water crisis and more than 582 indigenous women murdered and missing but no action has been taken so far by the Canadian government. That’s why, the society has sued against the INAC for showing this acute prejudice. The plea has been filed to Canadian Human rights commission alleging that the federal government has differentiated between the children of first nations and those originally from Canada on racial basis. Â  The society and INAC worked for several years to eliminate inequality but all efforts by society went to vain as the federal government did not show any response to efforts done so far but failed badly to develop solutions to redress inequalities among children on racial basis. Canadian Human Rights Commission found in 1977, is an autonomous government body that deals with the Canadian Human Rights Act. The Canadian commission has the right to investigate complaints filed on racial and discriminatory basis under federal jurisdiction and also has jurisprudence to hear the cases filed in favour of children on reserves of first nations. The society has also filed another plea to the commission in 2010, accusing that the Aboriginal and INAC are not only prejudiced against the children of first nations but they have racist attitudes against the FNCFC society too as they excluded the society’s executive director, Cindy Blackstock from the meetings aimed at development of first nations. The society has accused that the handling of society’s members by INAC has been ridiculous so far and was based on retaliation. The commission later on directed the case to the

Cash Flows Yahoo and Google Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cash Flows Yahoo and Google - Essay Example Over the period of three years, Google has contributed to the capital expenditure for future expansion Besides Google seems to be active in managing its short term investment and generate significant cash flows. The most significant indicators of the sources of financing activities being generated are the issuance of capital stock by the Google over the period of time. Apart from that Google has been relying on external financing to generate its cash flows from investing activities. On the whole it can be safely assumed that Google has been able to generate very healthy operating cash flows which is in fact one of the ideal indicators for the investors as for as the cash flow generating capability of the company is concerned in long term basis. The major contributor towards generating positive operating cash flows are non-cash items specially depreciation and amortization. Cash flow from Operations has shown reduction in 2006 due to the reduction in net income. Cash Flow from investing activities is negative too because of the heavy capital expenditure being made over the period of three years. Cash Flows from financing have been negative too because of the fact that Yahoo has recalled some of its stocks from the market i.e. repurchased its stock from the open market to lessen the external

Staff Reduction Process Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Staff Reduction Process - Coursework Example The other responsibility of the correctional manager in the staff reduction process is ensuring the employees who are let go do not harbour hard feelings and are adequately compensated and the staff reduction is done in accordance with the law and in compliance with agreements and regulations stipulated in employment contracts (McConnell, 1993). Ensuring all other avenues including cost saving have been sought for and failed before undertaking a staff reduction is the other role of a correction officer in staff reduction. My reservations about staff reduction include the impact of the families and relation of the affected employees, having to let go of employees who have showed great potential, and the possibility of the employees getting new jobs. The measures to be confident as a manager in a staff reduction process include early preparation including all the facts pertaining to the reason for the reduction, the members affected, and the procedure for the selection of the members. Ensuring the reason for the termination is justifiable and easily presentable to the employee to be able to inform the employees clearly. Reviewing policies and procedures on staff reduction will also increase my confidence through providing statements to staff during the staff reduction meeting (The Ohio State University, April 17, 2014). Providing a memo to all the terminated staff on measures taken to ensure adequate compensation and writing recommendations also allows for better confidence. Adequate analysis and in-depth thinking on the employees to terminate to ensure the correct decision on the affected employees also aid in increasing confidence in dealing with a termination of

National Air Sapce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

National Air Sapce - Essay Example Such a responsibility is likely to generate competitive advantage. In addition, Greenberg, McKone-Sweet, & Wilson (150) explain that premium customers are likely to offset social cost of service delivery and this will manage cost implications of the orders on the airline companies. The identified fuel efficiency will also reduce cost in the long term and increase long-term profitability. Legal obligations and consequences of breach of contract will also motivate the airline companies to uphold the orders and two possible remedies to breach of contract explain this. The companies will still be forced to make the purchases under the doctrine of specific performance and this will mean wasted time and money in judicial processes. Cancelling the contracts will also lead to monetary expenses in damages should the companies be allowed to cancel the contracts but this would still be costly (Schaffer, Agusti, & Dhooge 108). Upholding contracts for the new aircrafts offers advantages such as competitive advantage due to social responsibility, increased profitability due to fuel efficiency, and ability to raise prices among premium customers without reducing utility. Cancelling the contracts would however have legal implications into unnecessary financial losses. The companies will therefore go ahead with the contracts because of the many advantages of the move and disadvantages of cancelling the contracts. These motivate purchase of the new fuel-efficient aircrafts. Greenberg, Danna, McKone-Sweet, Kate, & Wilson, James. The new entrepreneurial leader: Ddeveloping leaders who shape social and economic opportunity. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2011.

Learning Team Objective Essay Example for Free

Learning Team Objective Essay During weeks four and five, we learned all about methods a company can have a picture of their overall fiscal rankings. A few of the subjects dealt with include using a report of cash flows to observe the coming in and going out of cash, assessing fiscal reports, the way to report the issuance of the various kinds of stock and dividend payments, and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act influence. A report of cash flows indicates the receipt and payment of cash for the organization. The direct method is desired by the FASB, even though both ways are acceptable, and shows cash receipts and payments in operations whereas the indirect method changes net income which does not influence cash. To get commenced with a report of cash flows, the organization must change its net income from an accrual basis to a cash basis. Ultimately, an organization may decide their free cash flow to find out the amount of money is remaining after adjustments for capital expenses and dividends have been completed. The 3 methods of assessment are the horizontal, vertical, and ratio analysis. Horizontal assesses the fiscal report data during a period of time. This decides the increase or reduction which has occurred. Vertical analysis reports every item like a percent of base sum. This decides what amount of the total assets are existing assets or what amount of the net sales are selling expenditures. Ratio analysis reports the connection amongst the chosen items of the reports. This decides liquidity of assets, profits of the organization, and the solvency ratio informs if the organization is likely to survive over a long interval of time. Investors are able to use the cash flow report to find out if the organization has adequate cash to increase operations and pay dividends. The organization may use the information in the cash flow report to assess the effectiveness of operations. Cash flow from funding activities shows any modifications in debt, loans, or dividends. Issuing stock or rising long-term borrowing is actually a cash inflow. Paying dividends or decreasing liability is a cash outflow. Moreover, cash flow from operating activities calculates the modifications in cash flows from operations needing a calculation of the modifications in account balances in the balance sheet between accounting intervals. Scenarios may happen which result in unethical accounting routines because of lacking in the financial controls set down and followed by higher administration people. All six of these methods not just require to be set up but they must be adopted and enforced as well by way of assessment and follow-up. In case even one of the controls isnt set up in that case the opportunity may become open for unethical conduct. For instance, in case you dont specify duty by just having one individual accountable in that case it results in a lack of accountability if something is incorrect. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was put into operation in 2002 as a result of great number of unethical and fraudulent scenarios abounding in companies. This Act says that all publicly operated organizations should have noted internal fiscal controls in the organization. Organizations must submit an assessment of the effectiveness and value of their internal controls with their conclusion of year fiscal package. Regular outside audits are carried out to make sure compliance by the companies with this Act. In case violations are found anytime, penalties and fines might be enacted upon higher administration level people to include imprisonment. To conclude, over weeks 4 and 5 we have learned all about the ways of creating cash flow reports, the way to apply the 3 different ratios when deciding how nicely or lousy the organization is performing fiscally, the way to report journal entries of the issuance of stock and common stock and the way to announce and enter payments from dividends, and lastly the way to stay ethical in accounting and be in conformity with SOX.

The Role That Corporate Advertising Plays In Marketing

The Role That Corporate Advertising Plays In Marketing In recent years, a number of internal and external forces have urged companies to pay increased attention to the role that corporate advertising plays in marketing communications strategy. Despite this increased importance, a comprehensive view of current corporate advertising practices does not exist. In spite of the increased importance given to the role of corporate advertising, little has been done to provide management with an integrative view of the current corporate advertising practices. The objective of this study is three fold: 1) to find out key issues related with corporate advertising 2) importance of the usage of corporate advertising in an organization in the context of Singer 3) Critical review of the core message to be used for Singer and mixed media approach to perform corporate advertising. What Is Corporate Advertising? However, with the advent of modern corporations with multiple product and/or service offerings, a different type of advertising has appeared, the primary purpose being to promote the corporation. Corporate, institutional, or corporate image advertising has been defined with some very basic consistency since the 1950s but has broadened to include advocacy and issue advertising (Ewing 1982; Heath and Douglas 1986; Heath and Nelson 1985) and the current hybrid ads (Winkleman 1985), which blend product and company promotion. Corporate advertising may also influence consumers knowledge about products marketed by the corporation (Hartigan and Finch 1986;Winkleman 1985). Main Types of corporate advertising can be categorised as follows: Advocacy advertising Image or Institutional advertising Recruitment advertising Key Issues in Corporate Advertising There are many functions that corporate advertising can perform and most of the companies spend millions of money. Technically majority of companies dont know how to do advertising since they are being getting low results from corporate advertising. Some practices remain far behind their potential since marketing and advertising are used incorrectly. Extremely Expensive to Do a Better Job In the present situation carrying out a successful corporate advertising campaign can be very costly because it has many inbuilt components such as production, designing, etc. It is an additional large investment for the company which will not give proper results as the organization expects. e.g.- In the 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup, most of the Indian companies, many corporate pitched on the expected success of the Indian cricket team which involved extremely expensive endorsements, production costs and fowrad bookings in channels and match broadcasts. Indias early elimination at the quarter final stage, rendered many of the adverts unbroadcastable due to the anger that was built up against the team. On the otherhand, these monies, if channelled to consumer and trade promotions, would have had a far higher level impact on generation of sales. Credibility Large reach enable the organization to reap the benefits of corporate advertising. As an example a TV add might not reach the target segment since currently people avoid advertisements and they dont pay attention towards ads. Only one out of five consumers has a positive attitude towards advertising (InfoTrends, 2010). Also if the product distribution system is not in line with the advertisement (e.g, products are not available in those areas) itll be a huge cash outlay for the organization. This process must be statistical and focused if a company wants to become successful in corporate advertising. This can happen due to the following reasons: Organizations havent looked at their advertisements from consumers point of view and didnt share their unique selling proposition. Lack of consideration when selecting media which means organizations assume what consumer read, watch, or listen to is what their prospects enjoy as well. Opportunity cost is high when compared to other mediums such as social media and personnel selling which have large reach and better targeting abilities. Contrary to mass scale advertising, social meadia llows people to choose the adverts that are of interest to them and view / explore if it is of interest to them. This also drives search for more information and sharing with others, even if no action in terms of purchase is generated. Social media has been growing at a fast pace and it cannot be ignored by organizations. With Web 2.0 individuals get the opportunity to interact with each other about their personal experiences, buying preferences etc. The organization can convey the message to many target groups using social media at a lower cost and in a widely expanded way and this medium is very useful and easy to measure their advertising efficiency. Figure 1: Social Networking Growth by Worldwide Region Source: www.compete.com, 2009 Difficult to Measure the Efficiency Corporate advertising is a pull medium where organization cannot always expect it to translate into sales. Because cost per contact has been an issue for many organizations because the amount they spent hasnt effectively resulted in sales. There is difficulty in ascertain where the adverts pulled in customers vs those who would be attracted by the brand it self. Uncertainty of the Situation Corporate advertising will either be helpful to increase the corporate reputation or be misunderstood by the consumer which will lead to damage their image. This can happen due to miss interpretation by consumers about the company such as ethical issues. In such situations company has to bear a huge cost due to add withdrawal. Not Exciting, Not Addressing the Consumer Most ads are made on a one size fits all thus turning some viewers off. Corporate advertising can be very creative and give a nice, warm feeling but sometime it will make little or no effort to address the readers needs. Sometimes it will build the reputation but not result in purchasing. Organizations should stamp and convey their current or desired position in advertisements without stating the obvious. Importance of Corporate Advertising for Organizations and Singer According to research carried out it is evident that most of the companies havent identified the core essence of corporate advertising because they are entrapped with product advertising. Corporate advertising should brand a company the way that product advertising brands a product. Benefits of Corporate Advertising in General Corporate advertising is more efficient in building recall for a company name than product advertising and creation of a good citizen image through consistent dedicated effort. Frequent corporate advertisers rated better on virtually all attitude measures than those with low corporate ad budgets Reducing the Perceived Risk, Prompt Buying: From the past most of the reputed companies branded themselves due to usage of very strong advertisement slogans. Those slogans have been designed to influence consumer habits. These types of corporate advertisements are powerful than the visual product presentations as consumers are more likely to recollect the popular brand messages due to constant media exposure. e.g., In Britain, Glaxo Wellcome filled television screens in 1996 with the slogan, Man has no greater enemy than disease has no greater enemy than Glaxo Wellcome. (The Economist, 1998) Get Rid of Negative Perceptions: If a company is unpopular with or misunderstood by opinion-formers to an extent that it harms its business, that can be diminished through proper usage of corporate advertising. Articulate the Strength/Power of the Company A good proportion of spending on advertising may also signal to potential customers and competitors that a company is rich and important. e.g., Honeywell, another American giant, has borrowed GEs theme and is about to launch a more modest $4.5m campaign, showing how its mundane range of thermostats and controls touch peoples lives. (The Economist, 1998) Ability to Generate Corporate Contacts Corporate advertising will help to acquire more business consumer due to the popularity and reputation of the company. Business customers are more likely to be wooed by price, product range and personal relationships. Increase the Trustworthiness Corporate advertising, says its target audience is much broader than for normal consumer goods advertising. It is aimed at three specific constituencies: business customers; opinion-formers (investors, politicians, activists, media) who can influence share prices or strategy, and employees. Cherish subsidiaries and Enter New Markets Not only to enhance the parent company image, corporate advertising can be used to permit or encourage subsidiaries. Particularly where they are engaged in manufacturing operations-to identify themselves to their own customers, prospects and other important, local publics. Also this will enable the company to enter into new business/markets under the same name. Umbrella Covering By performing corporate advertising it covers all the products and services associated with the company and its strategy which always aligns with the mission and vision. e.g., General Electric spends 40% of its $100m advertising budget on this kind of corporate advertising. Its we bring good things to life campaign has been running for almost 20 years. (The Economist, 1998) Enhance the Goodwill: Corporate ads can be used to express their philanthropic, CSR and community idea which will be capable of improving their goodwill. e.g., New York Toyota launched a new corporate advertising campaign, highlighting the companys economic impact, environmental commitment, and social responsibility. Built around the question Why Not?, the campaign will include print and online ads, as well as a new television commercial directed by an Academy-award winning cinematographer. (The Economist, 1998) Exert a pull for New Hires Boost both employee management relation employee morale enabling all members of the internal public to discover a new vitality. Perhaps the best reason for corporate advertising is to reach employees. It can be a good way to attract bright new recruits. Essential Benefits of Corporate Advertising for Singer As explained above Singer will be able to obtain many more advantages by perusing corporate advertising in a meaningful way. One of the most important things that Singer needs to remember is that they need to follow the best practises if they want to improve corporate reputation through corporate advertising. Following are the key benefits they can achieve through corporate advertising-: Go after Singers target audience: Since Singers product advertising couldnt reach their target segments, corporate advertising can be the most effective way to convey the organization purpose of existence and values which will help to grab the attention of Singers potential customers. Highlight Singers competitive advantage: One of the keys to all corporate advertising is to emphasize the strengths of the company, those factors that give Singer to gain a competitive edge. Too many ads might be witty but fail to sell the benefits of the corporation unlike product advertising. Establish an image: As explained in the previous chapters Singer lacks the corporate reputation due to quality concerns and negative perception. But performing good corporate advertising with measure objectives will open a way to increase customer image, awareness and trust. Suggest you expand this area a bit more. Critical Review of Singers Tagline and Media Approach Singer has conducted few corporate advertising but, has spent millions for that purpose with product advertising. Singer sells their own consumer electronic products and global brands like JVC, Phillips, Panasonic, and Samsung etc. Since they are doing many businesses, corporate advertising is the best option available for advertising. As explained in the previous section about personality, Singer has been aiming higher end customers since they have less belief in the Singer products quality. Inconsistent slogans and lack of intelligent advertising has led to this situation which has in turn caused poor performance in some of the product ranges. If a powerful tagline can address a key issue, that would boost their reputation and image. (e.g, Adidas introduced its mainstream marketing slogan Impossible is nothing in the year 2004 with the intention to capture the essence of the Adidas brand.). In order to become successful in the future, Singer needs to deliver a simple, catchy core message in a consistent way using corporate advertising. The proposed tagline for corporate advertising is as follows Trusted Excellence Singer has been using this as a slogan but not for corporate advertising or product advertising. Since the tagline is very strong changing the context of the usage will add more value to the organization. Which means the way they have used should be changed. This tagline is very simple and most importantly it reminds the history of Singers long journey of 135 years. This core message communicates the benefits of customers who create intrigue, interest and attention and therefore it will be able to persuade consumers. This tagline shows the consumers can trust the company since they have been in the industry for such a long-time with consistent quality products and to draw their attention on a specific product which results in buying. Higher social class people who had negative ideas about Singer products will be persuaded by this message. Being a cost leader has harmed the Singer corporate image but proper usage of this message will help them to overcome it. With this tagline people will start to associate the communicated characteristics in the slogan with the products such as quality and olden gait. It will be highly successful in rejuvenating Singers image in the public and will also earn numerous awards. Singer as a whole will become a cult and can be the re-emergence of the company as an important player in the electronic appliances industry in decades to come. Recommended Mixed Media Approach for Singer Corporate Advertising is no longer simply about visual appeal. Particularly in this web 2.0 has become a vital ingredient of an organizations branding strategy, developing the right media mix holds the key to building powerful brand equity. Traditional Media TV, News paper, and Radio advertisements can be used in a corporate advertising campaign at a high level where they can express their idea in a more epic way but the cost might be really high. TV advertisements are one of the easiest ways to communicate the message more emotionally and visually. TV advertisements can be expensive but it can bring out the message what Singer wants to convey visually which will be evaluated below. Radio advertisements could also be done to spread the message to the mass population in a cheaper way. According to InfoTrend researches print medium ads are significantly doing better than other mediums. Figure 2: Global Ratings of Different Advertising Media Source: InfoTrends, 2010 Advertising through newspapers and magazines can be a very cheap option and it also can target the rural population as well as the high class people. Social Media Online Advertising Singers corporate advertisements should be posted on sites such as Cricinfo, Wow and social networking sites such as Face book, Linkedin, Online newspapers, Hit add online magazines etc. as these are the most visited sites by an individual in Sri Lanka. Source: www.compete.com, 2009 Source: www. Alexa.com, 2009 Figure 3: Top 10 Social Networks Figure 4: Top Sites in Sri Lanka Use of social and internet media is very emerging which has been discussed above. The progress and the efficiency of their advertising can be monitored very easily (e.g., daily hit rate on the website). The segments which cannot be reached by the traditional ways can be targeted. Outdoor Advertising Singer competitors have been very active in these areas where Sony, Panasonic, Samsung are being doing many outdoor advertising campaigns. To increase the corporate reputation and build the brand equity this strong tagline can be communicated very broadly using this medium. Singer has to spend money carefully even if those mediums are cheap such as hoardings, road shows, participations in business fairs, exhibitions, etc. Strategic Films and Corporate Video Production This is been a latest and more important process in corporate advertising. Usually these kinds of media approach cannot be seen in product advertising. This has become necessary elements of road shows, exhibitions and other promotional campaigns and also corporate video production is a very important tool for branding an organizations corporate identity. E-Mail Campaigns E-mails can be used to spread their corporate advertising core message to consumers easily and cheaply. The graphically designed corporate advertisement can be placed on an e-mail and it can be sent to various people which might prompt an interest within the viewer of the e-mail. Significant growth in email and internet would enable to convey the message to a broad geographical crowd. Source: TRC (www.trc.gov.lk), 2009 Figure 5: Email internet growth (1995-2009 December) How they Deliver the Message Using the Recommended Media Mix The key issue here would be the upliftment of the image of singer SL in to that of a brand that sells quality electrponics vs cheap, meant fr lower income segments. The campoaign should address High quality, modernity and technology advancement affordable to all (not cheap) Thus the folliwng message is proposed to be carried out in key media. A well known super star like Lasith Malinga (Famous Cricketer) who has a good charisma within the country can be used to promote their corporate brand where people will start believing him and change their perceptions and result in buying products. For this purpose Singer can run a TV advertisement that features Malinga who is looking to his parents to get an advice to purchase a LED 3D TV, where his father reminds of the Old Singer TV at home, which is still working well. This advert if placed well, will drive that Singer products are not inferior in quality and they are highly trustable on performance with latest technology (Innovativeness). Social media such as Facebook and Youtube should be used and advertisement videos should be uploaded where people will be able to watch and give their feedback instantly. Also Singer can publish the reviews of popular people who are using Singer products in those websites with eye-catching images. Financial and Political Constraints of Recommendations In this section the only highly possible political (organization) and financial barrier which obstruct the successful implementation of corporate advertising would be discussed: Singer has not conducted much of corporate advertising which is a new concept for them. Processing developments will require change in terms of learning regarding corporate advertising. Due to proposed web 2.0 involvements the technological skills of the employees need to be improved to get the potential of the emerge of social media. Training and development should be provided to the employees for improving their creative and innovative thinking skills which will be helpful to corporate advertising. Singer carries out product advertising and conducting corporate advertising would demand more expenses which can be an additional expense. Physical resources such as vehicles might be needed additionally to carryout corporate advertising. Hiring a celebrity for advertising is an expensive affair since the person maybe well known and hence higher charges are applicable. There would be extra expenses inspite of product advertising been conducted in parallel.

CASUAL DRESS DAYS :: Essays Papers

CASUAL DRESS DAYS INTRODUCTION Many businesses have begun using a casual dress policy on certain days. Implementing dress-down days may be an effective way to boost employee morale. The question that seems to pop up too often is whether dress-down days are a benefit or burden to the company. Many companies have adopted Friday as a casual or dress-down day, while others have made casual business attire a full-time policy. Some employees view wearing casual business clothing as an employee benefit. To others, it is a disaster. Both men and women are often confused about what "casual" means and about how to dress casually and still look professional. Some people in management positions feel employees goof off on casual dress day. This report will look at all these issues as well as a conclusion about the effectiveness of casual dress days. CASUAL DRESS DAY DEFINITION Definition and Description The definition of casual-dress days is dependent upon such variables as gender, geographic location, type of firm, and the day's activities. For instance, dressing casually for an accountant means khakis with a nice shirt. Someone who works as a high school teacher may be able to wear jeans and a nice shirt. Most businesses do not see T-shirts as an acceptable form of attire. Although it may be a casual dress day, clothing should still be neat, clean, and pressed. Clothing should not be offensive, tasteless, revealing, or sloppy. If an employee feels he or she might be underdressed, he or she probably is. Businesses That Have Casual-Dress Days Many businesses have adopted casual-dress days as a tool to boost employee morale. Management likes to use this as a benefit because it is free. Types of businesses that have casual-dress days are businesses in which employees do not have many interactions with clients. Accounting firms, insurance companies, and many corporate offices use the casual-dress policy. These businesses have casual-dress days to increase worker productivity, to have more open communication between staff and managers, cost savings to employees because casual business wear is less expensive, and improved work quality. Many companies do not have casual-dress days because there are many ways wearing casual clothing can hurt business. Employees may interpret the word casual too liberally and wear inappropriate clothing. The professional image may also be weakened if clients feel employees are too casual to be entrusted with their business.

Comparing Themes in Frosts Two Tramps in Mud Time :: comparison compare contrast essays

Diverging Themes in Frost's Two Tramps in Mud Time On the surface, Two Tramps in Mud Time seems to display Robert Frost's narrow individualism. The poem, upon first reading it, seems incongruent, with some of the stanzas having no apparent connection to the whole poem. The poem as a whole also does not appear to have a single definable theme. At one point, the narrator seems wholly narcissistic, and then turns to the power and beauty of nature. It is, however, in the final third of the poem where the narrator reveals his true thoughts to the reader, bringing resolution to the poem as a single entity, not merely a disharmonious collection of words. At the outset of the poem, the narrator gives a very superficial view of himself, almost seeming angered when one of the tramps interferes with his wood chopping: "one of them put me off my aim". This statement, along with many others, seems to focus on "me" or "my", indicating the apparrent selfishness and arrogance of the narrator: "The blows that a life of self-control/Spares to strike for the common good/That day, giving a loose to my soul,/I spent on the unimportant wood." The narrator refers to releasing his suppressed anger not upon evils that threaten "the common good", but upon the "unimportant wood". The appparent arrogance of the narrator is revealed as well by his reference to himself as a Herculean figure standing not alongside nature, but over it: "The grip on earth of outspread feet,/The life of muscles rocking soft/And smooth and moist in vernal heat." Unexpectedly, the narrator then turns toward nature, apparently abandoning his initial train of thought. He reveals the unpredictability of nature, saying that even in the middle of spring, it can be "two months back in the middle of March." Even the fauna of the land is involved with this chicanery; the arrival of the bluebird would to most indicate the arrival of spring, yet "he wouldn't advise a thing to blossom." The narrator points to the conclusion that, while on the surface, things appear to be one thing, there is always something hidden below, much like "The lurking frost in the earth beneath..." In the final three stanzas of the poem, the "frost" within the narrator comes to the surface. The humility of the narrator comes to light, with the narrator saying that the tramps' right to chop wood for a living "was the better right--agreed.

Animals In The Research Lab :: Science Experiment, Medical Research

Animals In The Research Lab The use of living animals is an important way to solve a medical problem. Researchers continually seek other models to understand the human organism, study disease processes, and test new therapies. In seeking quicker and not so expensive ways to look for biological information that can be applied to human disease, scientists sometimes study simpler things such as bacteria, fruit flies and a few other things. Researchers have spent many years learning how to sustain cells, tissues and organs from animals and humans outside the body to understand biological processes and develop new medical treatments. Computers allow scientists to analyze vast amounts of data and test new ideas. But, in the end, the results obtained must be verified in appropriate animal systems and, possibly as the final step, in clinical trials using humans who will volunteer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before beginning a project, all research proposals involving animals must be reviewed and approved by a committee comprised of scientists, veterinarians, and private citizens.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Animal activist organizations believe that there are no moral reasons for the use of animals in research. This has attempted to slow or halt the work of scientists. Some activists groups intimidate or harass individual scientists, conduct demonstrations, or sometimes commit acts of vandalism. There are a few health professionals who support the activist movement but they truly stand apart from the vast majority of physians and most Americans who readily accept the fact that animal research is necessary to gain medical progress.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The use of living animals remains a very important way to solve medical

Pennsylvania Sovereign Immunity Statute Essay

Rooted in the history of common law in England was the immunity of the sovereign from the processes of the law (Christie and Meeks, 1990). However, this idea of some man or body of men above the law was said to be objectionable to the English concept of justice (Christie and Meeks, 1990). â€Å"The King can do no wrong† was often the explanation for the said immunity but denoted more the lack of adequate redress at law than absence of capacity to violate the law (Christie and Meeks, 1990). Thus, the agitation for the availability of tort remedy against the sovereign, or the state to any considerable degree led to the mature development of the law (Christie and Meeks 1990, page 1202). Because of the increase in the scope of governmental activities and the expanding activities of the Federal Government which touch upon the life of every citizen in such an intimate manner, pressures to either abolish the state’s immunity from suit or to have a waiver of the sovereign immunity in limited situations, increased (Christie and Meeks, 1990). The Pennsylvania Sovereign Immunity Statute has been one of those which hoped to address the increasing dissatisfaction with the concept of sovereign immunity from suit (Christie and Meeks, 1990). This paper hopes to explain the Pennsylvania Sovereign Immunity Statute and the exceptions provided for under the said statute. The paper would also present the particular Constitutional provision which provides support for the exception to the Sovereign Immunity. Finally, the paper hopes to present case laws, the venue, process and limitations, in order to explain further the exception to the said immunity statute. Pennsylvania Sovereign Immunity Statute Over three-fourths of the states in the United States of America have either totally abolished the doctrine of sovereign immunity or substantially modified it (Christie and Meeks, 1990). One such example is Pennsylvania which provides for exceptions to the doctrine of sovereign immunity. 42 Pa. C. S.  §Ã‚ § 8521-8528 provides for the Sovereign Immunity in general, the exceptions and the limitations on damages. 42 Pa. C. S.  § 8522 (b) provide for acts which may impose liability which include: Vehicle Liability or the operation of any motor vehicle in the possession or control of a Commonwealth party; Medical-professional liability or acts of health care employees of Commonwealth agency medical facilities or institutions or by a Commonwealth party who is a doctor, dentist, nurse or related health care personnel; Care, custody or control of personal property in the possession or control of Commonwealth parties, including Commonwealth-owned personal property and property of persons held by a Commonwealth agency; A dangerous condition of Commonwealth agency real estate and sidewalks, including Commonwealth-owned real property, leaseholds in the possession of a Commonwealth agency and Commonwealth-owned real property leased by a Commonwealth agency to private persons, and highways under the jurisdiction of a Commonwealth agency; Potholes and other dangerous conditions of highways under the jurisdiction of a Commonwealth agency created by potholes or sinkholes or other similar conditions created by natural elements; The care, custody or control of animals in the possession or control of a Commonwealth party, including but not limited to police dogs and horses and animals incarcerated in Commonwealth agency laboratories; the sale of liquor at Pennsylvania liquor stores by employees of the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board created by and operating under the Liquor Code, if such sale is made to any minor, or to any person visibly intoxicated, or to any insane person, or to any person known as an habitual drunkard, or of known intemperate habit; National Guard activities or acts of a member of the Pennsylvania military forces; and finally, the administration, manufacture and use of a toxoid or vaccine not manufactured in the Commonwealth under conditions specified by the statute (42 Pa. C. S.  §Ã‚ § 8522 (b)). Under the Pennsylvania Constitution, all courts shall be open and every man for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person or reputation shall have remedy by due course of law, without sale, denial or delay, and suits may be brought against the Commonwealth in such manner, in such courts and in such cases as the Legislature may by law direct (Pa. Const. Art. I,  § 11). Hence, under this provision the general assembly waives sovereign immunity which is a bar to an action against commonwealth parties where damages would be recoverable under the common law or statute creating a cause of action if the injury were caused by a person to whom the defense of sovereign immunity is not available (Westlaw, n. d. ). Exceptions to the Sovereign Immunity The first exception to sovereign immunity is the vehicle liability or the operation of any motor vehicle liability in the possession or control of a Commonwealth party (42 Pa. C. S.  §Ã‚ § 8522 (b)). Motor vehicle means any vehicle which is self-propelled and any attachment thereto, including vehicles operated by rail, through water or in the air (42 Pa. C. S.  § 8522 (b)). In Harding v. City of Philadelphia, 777 A. 2d 1249 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2001), the Court held that bicycles are not motor vehicles (Governor’s Center for Local Government Services, 2003). In determining whether the vehicle is in operation, the Supreme Court held that the dispatcher’s directions do not constitute operation under the vehicle exception (Regester v. Longwood Ambulance Company, Inc. , 797 A. 2d 898 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002)). In another case, the Court held that city’s negligent maintenance and repair of fire department’s rescue van was â€Å"operation of motor vehicle† within meaning of motor vehicle exception to governmental immunity (Mickle v.  City of Philadelphia 550 Pa. 539, 707 A. 2d 1124 (1998)). The Court further explains in the case of Vogel v. Langer, 569 A. 2d 1047 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1990), that â€Å"operation† necessarily entails momentary stops due to traffic and communication with other drivers, or such acts which are an integral part of the operation itself (Vogel v. Langer, 569 A. 2d 1047 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1990)). The second exception provides for the medical-professional liability or acts of health care employees of Commonwealth agency medical facilities or institutions or by a Commonwealth party who is a doctor, dentist, nurse or related health care personnel (42 Pa. C. S.  §Ã‚ § 8522 (b)). In Williams v. Syed, No. 431 C. D. 2001, the Court held that Dr. Syed has no privilege to claim sovereign immunity as a defense because as Chief Medical Director of State Correctional Institute at Pittsburgh, he falls within the medical professional liability (Williams v. Syed, No. 431 C. D. 2001). In the case of Stack v. Wapner, 368 A. 2d 292 (Pa. Super. 1976), patients successfully sued physicians for their negligent failure to monitor the patients after administering certain drugs (Stack v. Wapner, 368 A. 2d 292 (Pa. Super. 1976)). The third provides for the personal property exception, which is under the possession or control of the Commonwealth. The Court held that personal property must directly cause plaintiff’s injury not just facilitate it (Dept. of Environmental Resources v. Myers, 581 A. 2d 696 Pa. Cmwlth. (1990)). In this case, a helicopter pilot brought an action for injuries incurred when, under contract with the Department of Environmental Resources (DER), his helicopter ran into power lines while spraying for gypsy moths (Dept. of Environmental Resources v. Myers, 581 A. 2d 696 Pa. Cmwlth. (1990)). The pilot alleged that DER negligently placed the balloons marking the boundaries of the area to be sprayed as well as negligently providing him with a typographical map that failed to show the power lines (Dept. of Environmental Resources v. Myers, 581 A. 2d 696 Pa.  Cmwlth. (1990)). Because of the negligent placement of the balloons and the incorrectly marked map, the pilot contended those items of the Commonwealth’s personal property directly caused his injuries (Dept. of Environmental Resources v. Myers, 581 A. 2d 696 Pa. Cmwlth. (1990)). Rejecting that argument, the Court held that the placement of the balloons did not cause the injury, but merely facilitated another kind of negligence which is professional incompetence (Dept. of Environmental Resources v. Myers, 581 A. 2d 696 Pa. Cmwlth. (1990)). The fourth provides for the real property exception which is under the care, custody or control of the agency. The Court in a case held that the scroll saw was realty, taking into account the nature of the saw, the status of it with respect to the realty, the manner of annexation, and the use for which the scroll saw was installed (Cureton ex. rel. Cannon v. Philadelphia School District, 798 A. 2d 279 Pa. Cmwlth. 2002). In Collins v. City of Philadelphia 227 Pa. 121, 75 A. 1028, Pa. 1910, the Court held that the hole, six inches square, near the middle of a narrow sidewalk and in the direct line of ordinary travel, was more or less dangerous to all persons passing, whether walking or on skates (Collins v. City of Philadelphia 227 Pa. 121, 75 A. 1028, Pa. 1910). Thus, the girl whose foot went into the opening which resulted in permanent injuries, is within the exception provided by the statute (Collins v. City of Philadelphia 227 Pa. 121, 75 A. 1028, Pa. 910). The fifth exception provides that a dangerous condition of highways under the jurisdiction of a Commonwealth agency created by potholes or sinkholes or other similar conditions created by natural elements, shall be an exception to the sovereign immunity but the claimant must establish that the dangerous condition created a reasonably foreseeable risk of the kind of injury and that the Commonwealth agency had actual written notice of the dangerous condition of the highway a sufficient time prior to the event to have taken measures to protect against the dangerous condition (42 Pa. C. S.  §Ã‚ § 8522 (b)). In Litchfield, 22 D. & C. 4th 123 (C. P.  Clinton 1994) in that the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation has the responsibility to make a highway under its jurisdiction safe before it can transfer that jurisdiction, and that whether the highway was safe at the time of transfer is a factual issue for the jury (Litchfield, 22 D. & C. 4th 123 (C. P. Clinton 1994)). The sixth exception provides for the care, custody or control of animals in the possession or control of animals in the possession or control of a Commonwealth party to which the Commonwealth may be held liable (condition (42 Pa. C. S.  §Ã‚ § 8522 (b)). In a case, the Court held that the City of Philadelphia was not in control of a stray dog that attacked the plaintiff under the exception because a stray dog was not within the possession and control of the City (Jenkins v. Kelly, 498 A. 2d 487 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1985). Furthermore, the Court also held in another case that the fact that a township had investigated prior attacks by a dog, owned by a private citizen, and had even temporarily quarantined the dog on one of the occasions, did not create â€Å"possession or control† of the dog, when, at its owner’s premises, the dog attacked her guests (Lerro ex rel. Lerro v. Upper Darby Tp. , 798 A. 2d 817 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2002). The seventh exception provides that liquor store sales at Pennsylvania liquor stores by employees of the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board if such sale is made to any minor, or to any person visibly intoxicated or to any insane person, or to any person known to any person known as a habitual drunkard or of a known intemperate habit then, Commonwealth cannot use as a defense, sovereign immunity (42 Pa. C. S.  §Ã‚ § 8522 (b)). Acts of members of the military forces are also included in the exception from the sovereign immunity statute (42 Pa. C. S.  §Ã‚ § 8522 (b)). In a case, the Court held that the proposition that the Supreme Court held that the supremacy clause of the United States Constitution prevents a state from immunizing state acts from liability imposed under federal holding that because the Pennsylvania Sovereign Immunity Act does not immunize the unnamed defendants from a cause of action created under federal law, the action cannot be foreclosed merely because the conduct of the defendants does not fall within any of the exceptions to immunity (Heinly v. Commonwealth, 153 Pa. Cmwlth. 599, 621 A. 2d 1212, 1215, 1216 (1993)). Finally, the last exception provides that the liability may be imposed on the Commonwealth for a toxoid or vaccine not manufactured in Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania must take responsibility for it (42 Pa. C. S.  §Ã‚ § 8522 (b)). The statute provides for the following additional guidelines, that the toxoid or vaccine is manufactured in, and available only from, an agency of another state; the agency of the other state will not make the toxoid or vaccine available to private persons or corporations, but will only permit its sale to another state or state agency; the agency of the other state will make the toxoid or vaccine available to the Commonwealth only if the Commonwealth agrees to indemnify, defend and save harmless that agency from any and all claims and losses which may arise against it from the administration, manufacture or use of the toxoid or vaccine; a determination has been made by the appropriate Commonwealth agency, approved by the Governor and published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin, that the toxoid or vaccine is necessary to safeguard and protect the health of the citizens or animals of this Commonwealth; the toxoid or vaccine is distributed by a Commonwealth agency to qualified persons for ul timate use. Hence, the Court held that to apply this exception, there must be a strict interpretation based on the legislature’s intent (Jones v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority 565 Pa. 211, 772 A. 2d 435 (2001)). Venue, Process and Limitations As provided in 42 Pa. C. S.  § 8523, actions for claims against a Commonwealth party may be brought in and only in a county in which the principal or local office of the Commonwealth party is located or in which the cause of action arose or where a transaction or occurrence took place out of which the cause of action arose (42 Pa. C. S.  § 8523). The statute adds that if venue is obtained in the Twelfth Judicial District (Dauphin County) solely because the principal office of the Commonwealth party is located within it, any judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County shall have the power to transfer the action to any appropriate county where venue would otherwise lie (42 Pa. C. S.  § 8523). The service of process in the case of an action against the Commonwealth shall be made at the principal or local office of the Commonwealth agency that is being sued and at the office of the Attorney General lie (42 Pa. C. S.  § 8523). Limitations on damages is also stated in 42 Pa. C. S.  § 8528 wherein damages arising from the same cause of action or transaction or occurrence or series of causes of action or transactions or occurrences shall not exceed $250,000, in favor of any plaintiff or $1,000,000 in the aggregate (42 Pa. C. S.  § 8528). Furthermore the types of damages recoverable are those damages recoverable only for: Past and future loss of earnings and earning capacity; Pain and suffering; Medical and dental expenses including the reasonable value of reasonable and necessary medical and dental services, prosthetic devices and necessary ambulance, hospital, professional nursing, and physical therapy expenses accrued and anticipated in the diagnosis, care and recovery of the claimant; Loss of consortium; Property losses, except that property losses shall not be recoverable in claims brought pursuant to section 8522(b)(5) which relates to potholes and other dangerous conditions (42 Pa. C. S.  § 8528). In all these, suits against an agency of Pennsylvania may prosper once the plaintiff provides that his claim is under one of the exceptions provided for under the statute. The sovereign immunity therefore under the Pennsylvania Sovereign Immunity Statute is not at all absolute and persons may file suits if their cla ims fall under one of the exceptions provided.

Nissan Leaf Essay

1. Introduction According to Nissan Global (2011), â€Å"The Nissan Leaf is the world’s first 100-percent electric, zero-emission car designed for the mass market. With its advanced powertrain, Nissan Leaf provides a totally new driving experience, with its smooth and responsive acceleration, stable handling, and quietness. Incorporating the latest IT systems, Nissan Leaf is always connected to driving support functions for a secure and convenient ownership experience. Nissan Leaf was launched in December 2010 in Japan and the United States and in 2011 in Europe and other markets. The Leaf has won numerous international accolades, including the prestigious 2011 European Car of the Year, 2011 World Car of the Year and 2011-12 Cars of the Year Japan awards†. The continuous success of the Nissan Leaf electric car in the Japan and United States market is considered the developmental platform to expand into the Asian market, especially in the Vietnam market. As the Global Advertising Director on behalf of Nissan Cars announces that the Nissan Leaf electric car will be launched in January 2013 and other launched events relevant to the Nissan Leaf lasting within 3 months. It is expected to create a green trend for the transportation. 2. Vietnamese market analysis 2.1 Current market analysis The car market in Vietnam is tending to grow strongly by three impacts. Firstly, the customers consider car as the main vehicle for the transportation increasingly more. Especially, as reported on Tienphong (2012), the individual-car segmentation raised up to 15% in 2012. This indicates that an increase in the customers’ interest in purchasing cars. Furthermore, DanTri (2011) reported that the economic crisis has changed in the automobile market leading that the consumer tastes have changed, and they tend to purchase small cars with the good operation, facilities, affordable price and ability to save fuel. Finally, Trends (2010) article indicated that: â€Å"There is a tendency towards electric cars, supported by the emission legislation†. Based on these current situations, the Nissan Leaf car’s design and operation are one of the advantages likely to gain the attention in the Vietnamese customers’ mind and the automotive market. 2.2 Target audience Customers of the Nissan Leaf electric car will be focused on 2 age groups: 25-35 and 36-49 years old with an income monthly of 25 million VND and above. The gender is mostly for women because they support green activities such as buying an eco-friendly car more than men. Besides, customers are noticed by 2 main type of personality: Thinker and Innovator. Thinkers often have an educated orientation and good environmental awareness. Innovators tend to grasp new technology and set trends. Additionally, there is a possible prediction for families that parent might purchase electric car for their children. Therefore, parent will be in 45-55 years old with the modern lifestyle. 3. Advertising Objectives In the first 3 months of the launch period, there are 3 advertising objectives are identified obviously: 1. Within 2 months of the launch period, building 70 % awareness of the target audience about the Nissan Leaf that is not a hybrid car, it’s completely electric, it has no gasoline or diesel powered engine to supplement for power; that is an environmental brand with the good operations and friendly features as other diesel powered cars 2. Achieve 30% of the remaining target audience to understand the basic information of the Nissan Leaf 3. Convince two-thirds of the prospective customers to visit a retailer for a test drive 3.1 Target audience evaluation â€Å"Green life† is becoming the most compelling term to Vietnamese consumers. The benefit of green activities is socially approved since numerous undertaken researches. Therefore, the strengths of Nissan Leaf electric car that are utilizing no fossil fuels, there are no emissions; will be the great attention of the social because of its positive eco-impacts. These evidences will efficiently support our advertising objectives which use green-conscious lifestyle as a key to influences their target audiences. 4. The creative strategy 4.1 Creative platform 4.2 Advertising Appeal As indicated by V.K.Reddy on Scribd (2012), â€Å"Advertising appeals aim to influence the way consumers view themselves and how buying certain products  can prove to be beneficial for them. The message conveyed through advertising appeals influences the purchasing decisions of consumers†. Therefore, by identifying the advertising appeals, the specific wants or needs of customers will be reached effectively. The advertisement is blended between Rational appeals accorded to William.F.A, Michael.F.W and Christian Arens’s the broad category of appeals (2011, p.342), and Music appeals is mentioned by V.K.Reddy on Scribd (2012) Rational Appeals Music Appeals â€Å"Rational appeals are directed at customer’s practical, functional need for the product or service†. (William.F.A, Michael.F.W and Christian Arens, 2012, p.432). It means that the rational appeals emphasize the features and characteristics of the product or service to highlight the benefits of using the specific brand. When applying Rational appeals into the Nissan Leaf advertising, there is an increase in customers’ product understanding and credibility because they have a clear view and proper information as the ads might show the product’s operations and outstanding facilities to have a lively product-picture for customers. Besides, it offers an explanation of how it runs or other information such as the contact number, websites so that customers can evaluate quickly the product benefits According to V.K.Reddy on Scribd (2012), music has a certain intrinsic value and can help to increase the persuasiveness of the advertisement. It also helps to cap ture the attention and retention of customers. When Music appeals are used in the ads, customers can base on the melody as the product identification to recall the product. Music appeals in the ads should be gentle and emotional. 4.3 Advertising Executional Styles The advertising styles identification is an important work because it has a great influence on the customers’ perception. How do you convince customers to believe in the product during a few seconds of the advertisement? Therefore, the advertising styles are the impacted key to your success. In the Nissan Leaf advertisement, there are 2 advertising styles applied in to  express the product’s features: Lifestyle Demonstration As presented about Advertising and Execution Styles by Brandon Schuster on Slideshare (2011), â€Å"Lifestyle shows how well the product will fit in the customer’s lifestyle†. Based on the features of Lifestyle style, the Nissan Leaf ads create 2 conflicting worlds to makes customers imagine how the product is useful for them in their normal life, how it can impact on their driving habits. Thereby, customers can filter the product benefits leading to the decision Demonstration style is interactive way to advertise the product because customers will have opportunities to find out additional information after seeing the advertisement, thereby, the expected benefits are shown to customers. Applied in the Nissan Leaf, the demonstration style helps to show how the operating system runs, how to use the facilities and to charge safety the battery. 4.4 TV Commercial Storyboard The story starts with the scene of the up-down world space: The Down-World’s life is dark, has many dust and smoke, the citizens have to wear masks whereas; the Up-world is bright, peaceful and has lots of trees. The Down citizens always ask themselves: â€Å"Why can the Up create the beautiful world like that?† shown by the scene that the down citizens often look their face up. The music in this section is gentle and sophisticated. One day, a Down citizen find out a pipe to climb to the Up, he decides to find the answer. This scene is presented by his eye motions showing the seconds he was making decision with the faster beat music. After climbing, he is surprised by the wonderful Up world, especially, when he sees a car. He sits into the car and drives it. In these scenes, the character will perform how to use the car’s operating systems and other functions. The driving car speed is performed by the scene: when the car crosses a tree, it creates a gust of wind blew a leaf following to the car. At the end, he stops and charges the battery. The leaf falls in the Nissan symbol and the logo/ slogan of Nissan occurs. 4.5 Overview of Media There are varied media vehicles to advertise the product; however, each product needs to identify the specific media vehicles to maximize their advantages for the product features. The Nissan Leaf Advertisement uses 3 main media vehicles including print, electric media and social media. Firstly, magazines are used as the first consideration in terms of print media because it is the best medium to narrow down to selected markets and allows an advertiser to reach a particular target audience with a high-quality presentation. It is strategically placed to appeal the different interests. Secondly, TV as electric media has a mass power to cover and reach huge audiences quickly and frequently. Especially, Nissan Leaf is a new product for the Vietnam market, the TV impacts is the key to reach the customer’s attention. Therefore, it brings more opportunities to express the brand with personality and image. Finally, social media is a highly interactive vehicle to evaluate easily the cu stomer response. 5. Media plan The media plan of the campaign will spread over 3 months: February-March-April in 2013. In the first month of the launch period, the core media vehicles are used frequently to build the Nissan Leaf awareness and the customer’s retention. The third month will focus more on direct marketing activities to recall the Nissan Leaf. 5. Evaluation â€Å"Advertising is one of the largest costs in a company’s marketing budget. No wonder its effectiveness is a major concern!† (William.F.A, Michael.F.W and Christian Arens, 2011, p.234). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan, testing is the important tool used to measure the advertising dollars is sent worthily. The evaluation is divided into 2 testing: pretesting and post-testing. Pretesting Post-testing Purpose: Estimate the reaction level of the target customers in the marketplace Time: January-2012 Method: Use a process called â€Å"Benefit testing†. As explained by William.F.A, Michael.F.W and Christian Arens (2011, p.235), The process is presenting the core product benefits to a group of customers in a focus group. Thereby, the  most persuasive or compelling benefits the group considers will be identified. Time: May-2013 Method: For electric media: Use â€Å"Advertising Tracking measurement† Collect Feedback from Feedback devices: toll-free numbers and Web addresses provided in ads so that the responses or redemptions can be made to estimate the impact of advertising media. Examine the rating of programmes For prints: base on â€Å"Tear-sheets†- Copy of the ads for verification purposes as indicated on Admedia (2007) 6. PR Tactics PR Tactics Description Supported aspect Press Releases The tool of publicity for the launch period. It is important to write effective news releases and submit them to editors so that they may publish in their publication. Serve to build the product awareness in the first days, increase the visibility of the brand, and may be an excellent way to find new potential customers for the Nissan Leaf Trade show Be organized before the media plan and interacts with it by inviting journalists to interview about the Nissan Leaf and write articles. By using press relationships, it can often lead to press coverage that money cannot buy. It is a highly visible action for participants and observers and helpful when needing to speak louder than words and to attract news media audiences Invite international organizations FFI (Fauna and Flora International) IUCN (International Union for Conversation of Nature) to support the Nissan Leaf image and cooperate during the launch period. Based on the reputation and credibility of these organizations, it helps to improve consumer perception of EVs as a whole  could be the most effective strategy given the perception positioning goals Sponsorship Be a sponsor of Go Green Club. Members of Go Green, will cycle in the third moth of the launch period This will attract other eco-friendly supporters. All of which fit into a good consumer niche for the Nissan Leaf. 7. Advertising’s role in Marketing Mix Advertising is one of the most important factors affecting directly for the success, therefore, the advertising plan plays a mass role in the marketing mix elements for the Nissan Leaf. 4P’s element Advertising Role in Product Product is the core element in the marketing mix because the market demand bases on the product’s utility and popularity. According to William.F.A, Michael.F.W and Christian Arens (2011, p.66), â€Å"An ad may not address a product’s quality directly, the positive image conveyed by advertising implies quality†. It means that advertising creates the added value for the Nissan Leaf. Especially, Nissan Leaf is a new product in the Vietnam car-market, advertising and PR activities as Trade Show are used to introduce and educate customers about it. Thereby, Advertising ensures the survival and success of the Nissan Leaf. Besides, Advertising and PR create demand for the Nissan Leaf because they spread information about the product and increases customers’ positive awareness through technological advances of the media and the power of press release. Price Buyers are always sensitive about the market price, therefore, â€Å"advertising has the effect of keeping prices down. That again serves the consumer’s self-interest†. (William.F.A, Michael.F.W and Christian Arens, 2011, p.66) Besides, according to William.F.A, Michael.F.W and Christian Arens, advertising and PR may attract many manufacturers to engage in mass production. Thereby, the unit cost for unit product may decrease leading the lower price. Place There are various channels of distribution including direct and indirect channels to deliver the Nissan Leaf to more markets. Especially in the large-scale distribution, advertising plays an important part in distributing process. It will maximize the areas where distribution is not to reach, ensure that smooth distribution of goods and keep customers well-informed. Promotion When implementing the marketing mix, the Nissan Leaf will introduce sales promotion campaign to capture the target audience and potential customers. PR and advertising are instruments of Sales promotions so that customers may update, be informed on the sales promotions. 8. Conclusion Nissan Leaf provides electric cars which are targeted to the Vietnamese women market with purpose of building the Nissan Leaf awareness for Vietnamese customers and convincing them to change their driving habits by purchasing them. The goal of advertising plan in 3 months is promoting the Vietnamese car market for Nissan Leaf and aiming to persuade women consumers by an advertising image for Nissan Leaf as a zero-emission product that can bring many significant health benefits as well as fine state. References: 1. Nissan Global (2011). Nissan Leaf. [Online] 2011. Available from: http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NISSAN/LEAF/ [Accessed: November, 17th, 2011] 2. Tienphong (2012). Thá »â€¹ trÆ °Ã¡ » ng à ´ tà ´ Ä‘ang là ª lá º ¿t leo dá »â€˜c. [Online] October, 9th, 2012. Available from: http://www.tienphong.vn/xe/594690/Thi-truong-o-to-dang-le-let-leo-doc-tpov.html [Accessed: November, 17th, 2011] Translation: Tienphong (2012). The automotive market is increasing uphill. [Online] October, 9th, 2012. Available from: http://www.tienphong.vn/xe/594690/Thi-truong-o-to-dang-le-let-leo-doc-tpov.html [Accessed: November, 17th, 2011] 3. Dantri (2011). Thá »â€¹ trÆ °Ã¡ » ng à ´ tà ´ Má » ¹ nÄÆ'm 2011: Xe nhá »  là ªn ngà ´i. [Online] December, 26th, 2011.

Different Types of Sausages

Variations of sausages are made available in different cultures and cooking styles. Nowadays, we see and taste sausages in all forms and their flavors have been quite distinctive as well. Some of it is classified as ready to eat while others require maximum precautions of thorough cooking. This is the reason why there have been various divisions which separates the different types of sausages based on how it has been prepared. Sausages are usually made out of ground or minced meat for as long as it is chopped exceedingly small, with pounded spices, aromatic herbs, and animal fat (Lee 193).This food is always packed in a casing and can be easily perceived as a food which is elongated in form. The casings in traditional sausage making are made out of intestines of animals. However, times have changed and now sausage makers utilize synthetic as an alternative to the animal intestines. There are also variations in its ingredients. A sausage can actually be made out of poultry or red meat , and are served cooked or uncooked. These different kinds of sausages are further classified into various types. Cooked SausageOne classification of sausages is a special kind which is cooked. This kind of sausage is branded with such delight as it is made with a certain way in which it is cooked in a heated oven then eaten immediately after the cooking or may be preserved to be eaten at a later time. The procedure of making this kind of sausage starts with the mincing of the meat in a very fine consistency. Along with the minced meat, come the ingredients, spices, and cure that make up the sausage’s flavor and prolong its shelf life for its storage.After all these are combined, cooked sausages require a great effort of mincing to achieve a certain fine texture requirement. This serves as the stuffing of the sausage. After the combining and mincing process, the stuffed created out of the both processes are put into a casing which is later dried. This, thereafter, is cooked a s its final stage in an oven, then either served immediately or stored in a refrigerator for preservation. Cooked sausages are usually made available through various forms.Some of which are as follows; bratwurst, knockwurst, liverwurst, salami, bologna, blood sausage, hot dogs, jellied beef loaf, thurignger style and braunshweiger (Grigson 84). Fresh Sausage Usually, the curing of sausages which serves as the preservative is used in cooked sausages; however another type of sausage does not require exactly the same initial stage of preservation. This kind of sausage is known as the Fresh Sausage in which it is made out of fresh meats that has not been previously cured. Fresh sausages require tremendous cooling in the refrigerator.The method requires such kind of refrigeration as keeping the meat cold stores the fat. This is true in its sense as the fat melts when the meat is left warm. The lack of moisture out of the warmness of the sausage only leads to the grainy texture of the sau sage. This sausage, after being made and being kept in the refrigerator should be cooked thoroughly before serving. Undercooked sausages are deemed to be toxic at a certain extent if not safely prepared. The content of fresh sausages differs from various styles and forms.A whole hog of sausage, for example, contains swine meat and has no more than a fat weight of 50 %. This goes with breakfast sausages as well as it is similar to fat weight which contains various kinds of meat. Italian Sausage, on the other hand, contains 85 % meat, sometimes a combination of meat and fat. This also contains herbs and spices and a little amount of water. Fresh pork sausages, however, may contain no more than 50% fat weight and is prohibited to contain pork byproduct. Fresh beef sausages, also, may not contain beef byproduct and can only have around 35% fat weight (Coxe 196).Dry Sausage Another type of sausage has been made available to us under circumstances of elongated preservation. Normally, saus ages require tremendous attention in taking note its shelf life. However, a type of sausage is set aside for its prolonged shelf-life under proper refrigeration. This type is called the dry sausage. Dry sausages are very much intricate in production and require more time in preparing compared to other types of sausages. Also, this type of sausage has a more concentrated form of meat.To further illustrate this type of sausage, examples of this are classified into the following; chorizo, pepperoni, Genoa Salami, and Frizzes. Cooked Smoked Sausage Another type of a sausage is classified as a Cooked Smoked sausage. This kind of sausage falls into the same category as the cooked sausage because of its similarities in its production process. As its name suggests, Cooked Smoked Sausage is also prepared the same way as the Cooked Sausage is made, however another method is added into the procedure to make this kind of sausage.Smoking is integrated to complete the procedure. This method is em ployed as a means of preserving the sausage as there are implications on how the chemicals in the smoking process builds up in the sausage’s storage life. However, nowadays the smoking method gives in more than the preservative feature; it is now perceived as a means of cultivating flavor in the sausage brought about by the cooking procedure itself The smoking method is done by drying the sausage as its initial stage of the process as its moist surface may actually mottle the surface.There are two variations in smoking a sausage; cold smoking and hot smoking. Cold smoking is usually done in a room temperature between 70 and 90 degrees. This kind of smoking can actually take up a week to complete the process. Hot smoking, in the other hand, is done in a room temperature that is between 100 and 190 degrees. Fresh Smoked Sausage The smoking method is also employed in fresh sausages. Though smoked sausages are previously discussed as a method which is utilized after the cooking o f sausages in a heated oven, the smoking method also gives the same amount of flavor to fresh sausages.This is the reason the smoking process is integrated to the making of fresh sausages as the distinct smoky flavor gives the exact same flavor it gives to the cooking process. The process of cooking of this kind of sausage is quite simple. It basically integrates the making of a fresh sausage and the smoking process. After making the fresh sausage, which involves constant chilling to keep the texture and the fat intact, the smoking process is subsequently applied.All these types of sausages are classifications which makes it more comprehensible to us the different cooking styles employed to various kinds of sausages. Some of these sausages can be classified into various common forms which have different flavor and ingredients; Salami, Summer Sausage, Italian Sausage, British Sausage, Braunschweiger, Liver Sausage, and a lot more. With the variety of sausages available to us, it is q uite indiscernible as to how a sausage has been made. These types make it easier for us to know the ways in which a certain flavor has been achieved and how the process has preserved it.

Conservatives Favour Pragmatism Over Principle

Conservatives support Pragmatism over principle Discuss. Pragmatism essentially believes in a more practical behavior or form of policy, as opposed to an ideological principle. Conservatives traditionally favour pragmatism because it emphasizes the impact of applied ideas that have been tested over time- highlighting the importance of tradition (one major traditional conservative value. One-nation conservatives agree with the foundations of pragmatic ideas.Whereas the New Right was heavily ideological- arguably, the application of Neo-liberal ideas with an emphasis on free-market economics (i. e. : heavy privatization in the Thatcher period) shows a radical change into applying newer principles. Traditional conservatives place a higher emphasis on pragmatic ideas- as these ideas have been tested over time (a conservative would argue that they work; they are product of years of continuity) thus humans are incapable and essentially limited in radically making theories themselves.Their ideas may be based upon the idea of tradition; which alig ns itself with the Darwinian belief that only the fittest policies have survived over the years- and have created what Chesterton called the ‘democracy of the dead’ which is much more reputable than todays ‘arrogant oligarchy’. Pragmatic ideas are preferred because they have continuously growing over centuries whereas principle would ensure instability- for example: the sudden abolition of the monarchy would heavily affect the public; because it’s nationally loved- therefore extreme principles of ideologies like communism would definitely cause imbalance.This agrees with the Burkean view that a human principle can’t be superior to the pragmatic principle that has developed on its own- as the political world is ‘boundless and bottomless’ (as Oakshott said), essentially too complicated for the human mind to articulate principles efficiently. Furthermore, traditional conservatives disregarded the application of representative democra cy as it was seen as being too radical in the early 19th century.Although one could argue that these conservatives are unaware of the benefits that radical change could bring- it can be countered by stating that fair democracy was a product of years of supplementing the system (example: through many Reform Acts-1832, 1848,1867†¦ etc. ); therefore this gradual and continuous change (that benefit pragmatic ideas) completely contrast the excessive change the immediate application of principle would bring.Another sect of conservatives- One-nation conservatives clearly favored pragmatism but Disraeli realized the importance of ‘change in order to conserve’, which would satisfy the masses without significantly impacting the elitists. The 1867 Reform Act exemplifies that these traditional principles were supplemented for beneficiary purposes- for example: Disraeli thought reform would diminish the brewing hope of revolution and actually convince the supporters to support conservatives. Thus Disraeli’s pragmatism was non-conventional but still built up on practical ideas.Moreover, the application of political principles by Thatcher led Macmillan to give the ‘selling of the families silver’ speech- this can create an illustration: the silver which has been accumulated over the years pragmatically has been radically excluded and unnecessarily cashed in. In contrast, New right conservatives oppose the idea of pragmatism but rather favour the principled ideas. The mixture of neo-liberal ideas used by Thatcher and the rise of neo-conservatism through Reagan who placed an emphasis on supply-side economics.These ideas proposed something different- for example: Reagan’s 1980 presidential campaign placed a large emphasis in less government interference in lives of people- which completely obstructs the traditional idea of organic society and social obligations. Although New Right affected people socially, its economic impact was exc essive- as the ideas of neo-liberal economists like Hayek and Freidman who proposed leaving it to the market (like the father of economics: Adam Smith). Freidman once remarked ‘Governments never learn.Only people learn. ’- so this was applied by Thatcher who met much opposition from public/even party members who believed in more pragmatic change and weren’t ready for such a radical one. These ideas created a rapid increase in unemployment numbers, realistically reaching 4 million in terms of relative poverty; this widened the gap between South and North- a pragmatic conservative would have altered their political policies in order to come to terms with the public yet Thatcher ocused on her original ideological principles. Thatcher went against many traditional conservative values that have been developing over the years. There was a rejection of social obligations and responsibilities which was traditionally emphasized; yet the increase in atomistic individualism and egoism. In her famous speech, she said: â€Å"there is no such thing as society†- this can itself exemplify that her beliefs are formed from neo-liberal political beliefs, rather than incorporating pragmatism.An idea that evolved form an organic society; into what One nation conservatives’ idea of a paternalistic state- this was completely rejected which is evident in the increase in privatization of industries in order to ensure profit. Although one could argue that the application of this was essentially required- for example before Reagonomics, the economy was in its worst shape since the Great Depression- therefore if these New Right ideas weren’t applied and more pragmatic ideas were used then progress would be stationary and the debt would rapidly increase.Essentially, if we simplify the argument it’s just trying to, (a) bring change through principles, and, (b) do what pragmatism failed to do- so maybe, it’s just changing in order to co nverse. For example, if these free-market economic ideas are applied, they can eventually be successful- for example: Estonia, which was influenced by ‘Free to choose’ (Friedman) introduced a flat tax rate-it’s now very profitable and there is a boost in public satisfaction.Although, arguably it wasn’t able to act pragmatically because it had just been released from the cruel soviet system therefore this doesn’t significantly illustrate the benefits of ideological principle- as it couldn’t purely work on Britain, for example: the Thatcher era: there was a boost in unemployment, poverty, frustration. In conclusion, on large conservatives believe in pragmatism instead of ideological principle- although when the economy is in a slump then the application of newer ideas can revolutionize the system, evident with the New Right.However, Thatcher can be seen as an anomalous character in Britain- one could argue that David Cameron is shifting back to the pragmatic style of conservatism: with Big Society which will loosely reinstate social responsibilities. Although it’s equally arguable that New Right had an impact on New labor thus principle could be significantly important (as it was famously called: â€Å"Thatcherism with a human face†). Furthermore, on a whole, conservatives based their views on pragmatic ideas as opposed to ideological principles.

Gender Based differences and management style Research Paper - 1

Gender Based differences and management style - Research Paper Example The Author has therefore explored the challenges of stereotyping gender and the levels of the stereotypes among different communities. The author has therefore considered the role that culture plays in the beliefs of stereotypes. The author of this book has therefore outlined the different issues as the stereotypes are evident. The Author has based his views on the analysis of the texts which has formed the foundation of his arguments. The author of this book has therefore discussed the three different perspectives which the author believes are the most common and compelling ones. The author has discussed the gender conscious among the different cultural communities, whether the communities recognize gender or they are gender blind and the perception (Johnsen, Maznevski & Schneider, 23). The Author asserts most communities wants to believe when the reality is created through seeing. The main idea of the book is that it outlines the gender differences in leadership. The write of this book has examined the differences in gender across cultures, and how the management principles and tactics are influenced by these diversities. This book hold the view that this diversity and differences in gender and leadership may influence a company’s initiatives, policies and other principles making them even more diverse. In this perspective, the writer of this book advocates for the differences in gender within the leadership of a company especially the top management teams. The author of this book actually asserts that the differences in gender plays an important role in diversifying the company’s planning and hence the company would be capable of including both the long term goals as well as the short term goals which are very important. It is also important to note that the company would escape overlooking certain areas that might be important for the company in

Arizona Real Estate Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Arizona Real Estate Market - Research Paper Example The U.S. is still struggling to recover from this crisis to date. Despite the crash, Arizona is reported to have had one of the best recoveries from the crash throughout the U.S. This paper analyzes the causes of Arizona’s real estate market crash. It will also describe why Arizona is having one of the best recoveries of the real estate market in the U.S. The crash of Arizona’s real estate market was caused by a number of factors according to a study. Firstly, economists argue that the crash was caused by poor lending practices that the adopted by lenders just before the crash. In this regard, banks are reported to have lent a lot of money to mortgagers without taking into account their ability to repay the loans. As a result, when the economy of the country started declining, many mortgage owners began experiencing difficulties repaying the loans and the mortgage interests resulting in default. Consequently, since there were no enough homebuyers in the market, prices of homes in Arizona dropped to an all time low leading to the crash (Vannutini Par. 3). The crash was also caused by speculative buying rather than sheltering. A research conducted by the National association of Realtors found out that about 23 percent of homebuyers only do so for investment purposes while about 13 percent of those surveyed identified their buying for vacation, which in itself signifies speculation. A research indicated that a majority of homebuyers from Arizona real estate market bought their houses at low interest adjustable rates with the intention of keeping their costs as low as possible then sold them at higher prices for profit. With speculation, buyers kept off the market when prices are high and making purchases when prices are low. The more the speculation continued the more the market prices declined leading to crash of the market (DeGrace Par.5). Low interest rate is also cited as the leading cause of the Arizona real